【原创翻译】美中俄军备竞赛再辟新战场：多款超级轰炸机将问世

发表于 2014-9-19 18:00

　　http://aviationweek.com/defense/ ... dy-china-and-russia

来自美国航空周刊的文章
　　Future Bombers Under Study In China And Russia

　　China may follow Russia in bomber developments

　　Sep 18, 2014Bill Sweetman and Richard D. Fisher

　　正在研究中的中国和俄罗斯未来轰炸机

　　中国可能会效仿俄罗斯发展未来轰炸机

　　2014年9月18日, 比尔·斯威特曼&理查德·D·费舍尔

　　While the U.S. Air Force pursues development of the Long-Range Strike Bomber project, striving to launch full-scale development next year, both Russia and China are also proceeding with bomber plans. In the case of Russia, the PAK-DA (perspektivnyi aviatsionnyi kompleks dal’ney aviatsii, or future long-range air system) is the first all-new bomber to start development since the Tupolev Tu-160, in 1977, while China’s prospective new system would be the nation’s first indigenous bomber.

　　在美国空军致力于发展远程攻击轰炸机项目的同时, 俄罗斯和中国也在持续推进各自的轰炸机计划。

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　　俄罗斯的PAK-DA(perspektivnyi aviatsionnyi kompleks dal 'ney aviatsii或未来远程航空系统)是继1977年图波列夫Tu – 160之后的又一款全新轰炸机, 但对中国来说，正在研发的未来系统将成为其国内第一款本土轰炸机。

　　PAK-DA is under development by the Tupolev unit of United Aircraft Corp. (UAC), which has been responsible for almost all of Russia’s long-range bombers since the end of World War II. The basic decision to pursue development of a new bomber was taken in 2007. At that point, the Russian military started to define upgrades to the existing bomber force, which would bridge the gap until a new aircraft could be ready, alongside an analysis of alternative configurations and approaches.

　　PAK-DA由隶属于联合飞机公司(UAC)图波列夫设计局开发, 二次世界大战结束以来，UAC负责了几乎俄罗斯所有的远程轰炸机研制项目。俄罗斯新式轰炸机项目始于2007年，基于这一点, 俄军方已开始考虑对现有轰炸机部队进行升级。

　　Out of dozens of potential candidates, including supersonic and hypersonic technologies, four finalists emerged, and a preferred design—featuring a subsonic all-wing or blended-wing body with stealth characteristics—was submitted to the customer in early 2012. It is likely to be the first Russian aircraft designed with all-aspect, broadband stealth—the key feature introduced by the B-2 when it entered service in 1997.

　　俄罗斯人在数十项有潜力的技术中(包括超音速和高超音速技术)选出了四项技术, 并最后选出了一项具有隐形特点的首选设计-即亚音速全翼或混合翼机身，该设计于2012年初提交给军方当局。它极有可能是俄罗斯的第一款全面, 多频谱隐身飞机-隐身概念最初由美国B-2轰炸机于1997年实现。

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　　It was reported late last year that a final decision to build PAK-DA had been taken, with work to start in 2014. UAC has now been awarded the design and integration contract for the PAK-DA, and the bomber is due to make its first flight in 2019, with final assembly to take place at UAC’s Kazan plant. It is expected to complete its state acceptance tests in 2023 and enter service in 2023-25, according to the most reliable Russian reports.

　　据去年晚些时候的报道，PAK-DA的研制工作于2014年开始。UAC现在已经获得了设计和集成PAK-DA的合同, 该轰炸机将在2019年完成首次试飞, 总装计划在UAC的喀山工厂进行。据来自俄罗斯的可靠报道，PAK-DA轰炸机的国家验收测试预计在2023年进行, 将于2023 – 2025年之间服役。

　　Earlier this year, United Engine Corp.’s JSC Kuznetsov unit, which has powered most of Tupolev’s bombers, was selected to develop the PAK-DA’s engine, based on components from the Tu-160’s NK-32 afterburning turbofan.

　　今年早些时候, 俄罗斯联合能源公司的JSC“库兹涅佐夫”被选为PAK-DA引擎的开发商, PAK-DA引擎将以Tu-160的NK-32加力涡扇发动机为原型。

　　Beyond that, very little about PAK-DA has been released. However, it is possible to make some educated guesses about the program, based on the size and shape of the Russian bomber force and the new aircraft’s likely missions.

　　尽管很少有PAK-DA的信息发布，但根据俄罗斯轰炸机的大小和形状以及可能执行的任务，我们仍可做一些推测。

　　The current long-range bomber force comprises a scant squadron of Tu-160s (a total force of 13 aircraft), 63 subsonic Tu-95MSs, built in the early 1980s as cruise-missile carriers (31 are MS16 versions with underwing pylons, and 32 are MS6s without), and a diminishing number of Tu-22M3 Backfires, most of them originally built to attack U.S. aircraft carriers and their supporting groups. The Tu-22M3 force assigned to theater-range land-attack missions is being replaced by the smaller but more versatile Sukhoi Su-34.

　　当前的俄罗斯远程轰炸机部队由一个Tu-160中队 (共13架飞机)、63架亚音速Tu - 95 (mss)和Tu-22M3“逆火”飞机组成, 它们中的大多数最初是用来攻击美国航母及其配套设施的。体积更小但更灵活的苏霍伊- 34将接替Tu-22M3执行对地攻击任务。

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　　The Russian defense ministry announced in early 2012 that the Tu-160s would be modernized by 2020 and redesignated Tu-160M.

　　俄罗斯国防部2012年初宣布：到2020年，将完成对Tu-160s的现代化改造，将其改为Tu-160M。

　　The upgrades also include life extension, which covers investment in new engine overhaul capabilities, the renewed production of NK-32 engines for the Tu-160 and the design of a longer-life, more reliable engine variant.

　　升级工作还包括延长飞机寿命, 涵盖了对新发动机的检修投资, 以及生产为Tu-160研制的一款更加可靠的新式NK-32引擎。

　　The variant being developed for the PAK-DA will be a non-afterburning engine, possibly with a slightly increased bypass ratio.

　　正在为PAK-DA开发的引擎将是非加力发动机, 其涵道比可能稍有增加。

　　Meanwhile, China is reportedly working on a new bomber. continued improvements and production of the H-6 show that China retains an interest in long-range airpower.

　　中国也在研制新的轰炸机。

　　中国对H-6的持续改进和生产表明, 中国仍对远程空中力量感兴趣。

　　Last April an Asian government source disclosed an estimate that China’s next-generation bomber, called H-20, would emerge by 2025.

　　去年4月，有亚洲政府消息人士披露，中国的下一代轰炸H-20估计将在2025年之前推出。

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　　Such timing for the emergence of the H-20 would be consistent with two evolving Chinese strategic objectives. A new bomber would extend China’s ability to deny strategic access to the U.S. well beyond the “first island chain,” extending through Japan, Taiwan and the northern Philippines and encompassing the northern and southern China Sea.

　　H-20出现的时机正符合中国的两个战略发展目标。新的轰炸机将扩大中国进入美国所谓“第一岛链”( 通过日本、台湾和菲律宾北部海域)的能力。

　　Secondly, this aircraft would aid the Chinese leadership’s ambitions to project military power. Such a platform would allow the Chinese air force to complement the gathering global aircraft carrier and amphibious projection capabilities of the nation’s navy.

　　其次,这架飞机将有助于中国投送军事力量。这样的平台可以使中国空军飞机与航母在全球范围内完成集成部署，同时还可以提升中国海军的两栖投送能力。

　　The Xian Aircraft Corp. (XAC), the PLA’s main large military aircraft manufacturer, is most likely the lead contractor for the new bomber. Like the next-generation bombers from Russia and the U.S., the H-20 is expected to use a subsonic low-observable “flying wing” configuration.

　　西安飞机制造公司(西飞)是中国人民解放军主要的大型军用飞机制造商, 也是该新轰炸机最有可能承包商。像俄罗斯和美国的下一代轰炸机一样, 预计H-20将采用亚音速低可探测性“飞翼”配置。

　　A future Chinese bomber should be able to cover targets out to the second island chain, Guam, the South China Sea and India; be stealthy to improve penetration capability; be capable of “information confrontation,” or cyber/electronic warfare; and have conventional and nuclear strike capability.

　　有人曾指出, 中国未来的轰炸机应该能够覆盖第二岛链-包括关岛,南海和印度洋的目标;其隐身特性可以增强空军的渗透能力; 该轰炸机还可进行“信息对抗,或网络/电子战;兼具传统和核打击能力。

　　The later models could also represent new long-range unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) shapes, which also highlights the potential for China to develop long-range unmanned strike aircraft. With some fanfare in the Chinese media, the flying swept wing LiJian (Sharp Sword) UCAV, a collaborative product of the Shenyang and Hongdu companies, took to the air Nov. 20, 2013. Similar in size and shape to the Boeing X-45C, indications are that LiJian has provided the basis for longer-wingspan UAV/UCAVs from Shenyang/Hongdu, some Chinese sources suggest. It is conceivable that Xian might eventually develop an unmanned version of the H-20, especially if Russia and the U.S. were to so develop their new bombers.

　　一些疑似中国新远程无人作战飞行器的模型也凸显了中国远程无人攻击机的发展潜力。一些中国媒体也在宣传飞掠翼的“利剑”无人攻击机。这是沈阳和洪都公司的一个协作产物, 已于2013年11月20日升空。“利剑”在大小和形状上与波音X-45C相似，可想而知, 西飞可能成为无人版H-20的最终开发商-如果俄罗斯和美国坚持发展新型轰炸机的话。

　　Although PAK-DA is overtly a strategic deterrent system with the aim of holding U.S. targets at risk, it is unlikely that any new Chinese bomber would be intended for a parallel role. However, a long-range, survivable platform with a large missile payload would be a powerful regional asset to threaten adversary land bases and naval forces, particularly in conjunction with supersonic, stealthy J-20 fighter/strike aircraft.

　　对于俄罗斯来说，PAK-DA的战略威慑目的是美国, 但中国的新式轰炸机并非都是针对美国。不过, 对美国陆上基地和海军部队来说，远程且可携带大型导弹有效载荷的空中平台仍是一大威胁, 特别与超音速、隐形的歼- 20战斗机/攻击机集成之后。

　　The future of long-range strategic bombing for the PLA is also tied to the development of efficient aerial refueling tankers.

　　中国人民解放军的未来远程战略轰炸机也需要高效的空中加油机系统。

　　Future tanker platforms may include converted Xian Y-20 heavy transports, versions of the Comac C919 airliner, or a variant of the future widebody transport that has been a subject of Russia-China collaborative discussions.

　　未来空中加油平台可能包括西安运- 20重型运输机(中国商飞C919客机改进版), 这也可能成为俄中合作讨论的主题。

发表于 2014-9-19 20:51

发表于 2014-9-19 21:08

发表于 2014-9-20 20:45

发表于 2014-9-21 09:08

空射巡航蛋能打航母吗

发表于 2014-9-21 11:27

发表于 2014-9-21 12:52

土鳖的想法很清楚，是你没看出来罢了。

当年那么多人鼓吹买逆火，土鳖上当了么？那么多网上高人，谁预判到H6G，H6M，H6K这一系列改型发展了？

下一代轰炸机无非是个大小的问题，搞鳖版B2，或鳖版2018都有其道理，也都有使用上的侧重。另外，对这种天然具有战略影响的武器，体系上的跨越才是决策者最看重的问题。

发表于 2014-9-21 12:57

发表于 2014-9-21 13:00

发表于 2014-9-21 15:08

发表于 2014-9-21 15:12

发表于 2014-9-21 15:15

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【原创翻译】美中俄军备竞赛再辟新战场：多款超级轰炸机将问世

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支持原创翻译！

土鳖一直搞不懂自己到底需要一种什么样的轰炸机

未来空中加油平台可能包括西安运- 20重型运输机(中国商飞C919客机改进版), 这也可能成为俄中合作讨论的主题。

【铁路炮】一直搞不懂土鳖自己到底需要一种什么样的轰炸机<0字> 【铁路炮】

鹅毛2023年服役新轰是做梦；鳖版新轰估计要在鹅毛之前推出了。按现在的思路，可能一出来就会公开报道。

需要一款加油航程2万KM上下，能够携带8到12枚射程3000KM的巡航导弹的战略轰炸机------------

还有一种奶没说，乘波体------------