【原创翻译】中日俄水上飞机角逐俄“别-200”出口成疑

发表于 2014-9-16 14:57

　　http://in.rbth.com/economics/201 ... eaplanes_38305.html

　　来自《透视俄罗斯》的文章

　　中日俄水上飞机角逐俄“别-200”出口成疑

　　Be-200 faces intense competition from Chinese seaplanes

　　俄罗斯正在积极推动其水陆两用飞机向海外市场发展。然而，俄罗斯很快就会在航空业面临来自中国和日本的激烈的竞争。

　　The amphibious airplanes are being actively promoted abroad. However, Russia will soon face serious competition in the hydro aviation industry from China and Japan.

　　中国的“蛟龙-600”水陆两用飞机将在2015年进入世界市场。“蛟龙-600”为单船身四发涡轮螺旋桨式飞机，安装有四台发动机，起降抗浪高度为6.5英尺。它是俄罗斯“别-200”强有力的竞争对手。日本现有的以及中国即将问世的两用飞机都对俄罗斯“别-200”的出口潜力造成了威胁。

　　The Chinese amphibious aircraft JL-600 Water Dragon will enter the world market in 2015. It is a turboprop airplane with four engines that can be used on waves as high as six and a half feet. This plane is sure to be serious competition for the Russian Be-200. The existing Japanese and the forthcoming Chinese planes present a major threat to the export potential of the Russian one.

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　　俄罗斯航空的“灰姑娘”

　　俄罗斯在建造水上飞机方面有着很丰富的经验，然而，水上飞机所扮演的角色一直是“灰姑娘”，并不受人青睐。这些非比寻常的飞机的出口潜力也尚不清数。没有订单，也没有批量生产，这也就意味着在国外市场上这些技术并没有推广的竞争力。

　　The Cinderella of Russian aviation

　　Russia has a wealth of experience in the creation of seaplanes. However, seaplanes were always a type of “Cinderella” here. Hydroplanes were financed on the leftover principle and orders for amphibious aircraft by the state can be counted on one’s fingers. The export potential of these unusual airplanes was also unclear. There were no orders nor was there serial production, which means that there was no serious promotion of the technology in foreign markets.

　　然而，在过去几年中，情况发生了一些变化，有所好转。作为俄罗斯航空业的名片，重型水陆两用飞机“别-200”第一次被俄罗斯紧急情况部订购。2013年，国防部下令采购6架此飞机。俄罗斯联合航空制造集团公司(UAC)总裁米哈伊尔·波戈相发表声明称，俄罗斯军方将在今年年底接收他们的首架飞机。

　　However, the situation has changed a bit for the better in the last few years. The heavy amphibious aircraft Be-200, the visiting card of Russian hydro aviation, was first ordered by the Ministry of Emergency Situations (MChS). In 2013 six such airplanes were ordered by the Ministry of Defence. The Russian military will receive its first craft by the end of the current year according to a statement released by the head of the United Aircraft Corporation UAC, Mikhail Pogosyan.

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　　随着“别-200”两用飞机生产量的增加，飞机的研制者—别里耶夫航空科学技术联合公司和俄罗斯政府积极将该飞机向国外市场推广，在那里它将被用于海上搜救行动和扑灭森林火灾。

　　In line with the increase of production of the Be-200, its developer, the Beriev Aircraft Company and the Russian government are already actively promoting the airplane abroad where it will be used for search and rescue operations at sea and for extinguishing forest fires.

　　欧洲和拉丁美洲的市场

　　在2013年的巴黎航展上，别里耶夫航空公司的专家们与来自瑞士、加拿大、美国、法国和智利的许多公司的代表举行了商务会谈。他们谈及了“别-200”的出售前景以及其认证问题。

　　Amphibians for Europe and Latin America

　　As an example, at Paris Air Show 2013, specialists from the Beriev Aircraft Company held business meetings with representatives of a number of companies from Switzerland, Canada, the USA, France, and Chile. They spoke about the prospects for the promotion of the Be-200 and questions about its certification.

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　　“别-200ChS-E”(也叫做“别-200ES-E”)在2010年由欧洲航空安全局认证。2011年，“别-200”在法国进行了对其能力的测试，成功完成了灭火测试，并且受到了法国专家非常正面的评价。

　　Be-200ChS-E (also known as the Be-200ES-E) was certified by the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) in 2010. The Be-200 already succeeded in participating in the extinguishing of fires in France in 2011 during tests of this airplane’s capabilities and was evaluated very positively by French specialists.

　　据俄新社报道，别里耶夫航空公司的首席设计师称，法国的紧急情况部门计划租用俄罗斯的“别-200”水陆两用飞机。然而，尽管多次进行谈判，“别-200”的出口地理范围仍旧未扩大。

　　The Chief Designer at the Beriev Aircraft Company told RIA Novosti that The French Emergencies Ministry plans to rent the Be-200 amphibious airplane from Russia. However, despite the multitude of negotiations, the expansion of the geography of supply of the Be-200 has not yet happened.

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　　亚洲的发展前景

　　在具有很大销售前景的东南亚地区，两用飞机要求能够在大面积的水域上飞行，可在经济区内进行巡逻和搜救任务。俄罗斯最近面临着来自亚洲国家的巨大竞争，这使得“别-200”出口到东南亚地区变得更加困难。

　　The Asian vector

　　In the promising region of Southeast Asia, where amphibious craft are in demand for use in the large areas of water and could be used for patrolling the economic zone as well as search and rescue, Russia has lately encountered serious competition from the Asian powers, which makes it more difficult to export the Be-200 to this region.

　　日本在今年已经废除了禁止出口向外武器装备和军民两用产品的“武器出口三原则”。早些时候，日本新明和工业株式会社(ShinMaywa，制造两用飞机)获得了日本国防部的许可，可以向外出口“新明US-2”水上飞机。

　　Japan has lifted its previously legislated ban on the export of military equipment and dual-use products this year. Earlier, the ShinMaywa Company, which manufactures amphibious aircraft, obtained permission from the Japanese Ministry of Defence to export ShinMaywa US-2 airplanes.

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　　2010年，日本的两用飞机曾参与印度海军的招标，并且击败了俄罗斯的“别-200”和加拿大的“CL-415”水陆两用飞机。2014年初，印度和日本达成了一项初步协议，即日本向印度提供“US-2”两用飞机。并且，此前印度尼西亚和文莱也对日本的两用飞机表现出了兴趣。在印度招标上的失败可能会影响“别-200”未来的出口前景，并且这也会促使俄罗斯更加积极推进该飞机的出口。此外，中国的“蛟龙”也将面世。

　　In 2010 the Japanese amphibian participated in a tender for the Indian Navy where it beat out the Russian Be-200 and the Canadian CL-415. In early 2014 a preliminary agreement was reached between India and Japan on the supply of these airplanes to the Indians. Interest in the Japanese amphibian has already been expressed in Indonesia and Brunei. The loss of the Indian tender may affect the future prospects for the Be-200 negatively and force Russia to put additional effort into promoting the airplane. Moreover, the Chinese Water Dragon will soon be available.

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