【原创翻译】日本计划再建一艘两栖攻击舰

发表于 2014-8-21 17:14

本帖最后由 ylj 于 2014-8-21 17:18 编辑

　　http://aviationweek.com/defense/ ... apable-assault-ship

　　来自战略之页的文章。

　　日本计划再建一艘两栖攻击舰

　　东京推出制造另一艘具备搭载飞机能力的大型舰船计划

　　2014年8月19日

　　白广原 |航空周刊与空间技术

　　Japanese Advance Plans For Another Air-Capable Assault Ship

　　Tokyo advances plans for another large aviation-capable ship

　　Aug 19, 2014 Bradley Perrett | Aviation Week & Space Technology

　　日本国防部提议建造至少一艘大型两栖攻击舰,以增强该国海军航空兵的能力。该项目也可以增加贝尔波音v - 22 鱼鹰的销售前景。

　　The Japanese defense ministry has brought forward a proposal to construct at least one large amphibious assault ship that will enlarge the country’s naval aviation capability. The program may also enhance sales prospects for the Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey.

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　　时事通讯社报道,船只计划在2019财年3月服役,若确切的话，之前的计划暗示它将在本世纪20年代初服役。相关部门将寻求船舶研究资助，年度预算从2015年4月1日开始。

　　Entry into service for the ship is now targeted for the fiscal year from March 2019; previous plans implied it would be commissioned in the early 2020s, if at all. The ministry will request funding for studies of the ship for the budget year beginning April 1, 2015, Jiji news agency reports.

　　船舶任务包括迅速增强日本偏远岛屿的防御,如与中国有激烈争议的尖阁列岛(或钓鱼岛),这或许是一个刺激。东京还必须考虑其对独岛的主权声称,在那里朝鲜和韩国也在宣称主权。

　　Missions include rapid reinforcement of the defenses of Japan’s remote islands, with those actively disputed by China—the Senkaku, or Diaoyu, islands—probably a spur. Tokyo must also consider its claim to the Liancourt Rocks, over which North and South Korea also assert sovereignty.

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　　作战的两栖攻击舰除了现有三艘小型“大隅号”服役外，日本还计划额外购买“鱼鹰”可倾斜旋翼机、直升机或两者兼而有之。据推测,2014 - 18财年的防御计划允许其17架鱼鹰的订单,但文件没有新的计划，包括攻击舰和舰艇飞机。

　　Operation of an amphibious assault ship in addition to three small Osumi-class vessels now in commission suggests Japanese purchases of additional Osprey tiltrotors, helicopters or both. The fiscal 2014-18 defense plan allows for an order for 17 Ospreys, but that document included no firm plan for new assault shipping nor, presumably, the accompanying aircraft.

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　　争议岛礁和岛屿没有飞机跑道,而且尖阁群岛远离日本主要领土。直升机能从距离200公里(120英里)的宫古岛机场飞到那里,但巨大的增援将要求海上补给,即使转移上岸也受到旋翼飞机的影响。

　　The disputed rocks and islands have no airstrips, and the Senkakus are far from the Japanese main territory (see map). Helicopters could fly there from an airport on Miyakojima, an island 200 km (120 mi.) away, but heavy reinforcement would demand sealift, even if the transfer ashore were effected by rotorcraft.

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　　而日本海军表示,只有在和平时期或威胁较低时，它会使用气垫登陆艇和两栖装置,似乎在面对敌人的反对时，没有排除使用垂直起降的可能性。

　　While the Japanese navy says it would use air-cushion landing craft and amphibious vehicles only in peacetime or when threats were low, it seems not to have ruled out the possibility of employing vertical lift in the face of enemy opposition.

　　关于想要建造什么,攻击舰计划表明其部门已经有了一个不错的想法，因为它只给了自己一年时间完成设计。

　　The proposed schedule for the assault ship suggests the ministry already has a pretty good idea of what it wants to build, because it is giving itself only a year for completing a design.

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　　大概是基于官方发布会,时事通讯报道，日本制造大型战舰通常需要三年。受制于预算批准,国防部将从2015年开始研究所需船只的功能和规模,并在2019年力争服役。

　　Japanese construction of large warships routinely takes three years. Subject to budget approval, “the ministry of defense will study the required functions and size of such a ship from 2015, with an aim of putting it into service in 2019,” Jiji reports, presumably based on an official briefing.

　　这意味着日本此计划的加速,因为12月内阁通过的国防政策——国家防卫计划大纲,允许三年时间的研究——直至2018财年,那时再决定是否继续推进工程。

　　This represents an acceleration of Japanese planning, because the defense policy that the cabinet adopted in December, the National Defense Program Guidelines, allowed three years for studies up to fiscal 2018 and then a decision on whether to go ahead with construction (AW&ST March 10, p. 46).

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　　由于日本语言的模糊性,目前尚不清楚是否有一个还是多个两栖攻击舰正在筹备当中,对于每一艘设计的战舰，即使官方只宣布一组,日本海军通常总是至少制造两组。

　　Because of the ambiguity of Japanese language, it is unclear whether one or more amphibious assault ships are in the offing, but the Japanese navy almost always builds at least two units of every design of fighting ship, even if only one is announced at first.

　　国防部的建造规范相对宽松——需要一个“具有指挥和控制能力的多用途船,能在两栖作战中大规模运输和航空使用。”日本防卫大臣小野寺五典7月8日说他将加快程序规划。该计划现在看来相当坚定。

　　The defense ministry’s loose specification requires a “multirole ship [or ships] capable of command and control, large-scale transportation and aviation use for amphibious operations.” Defense Minister Itsunori Onodera said on July 8 he would accelerate planning for the program. The plan now looks quite firm.

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　　小野寺五典和其他官员7月7日在圣地亚哥考察了“马金岛号”两栖攻击舰。“黄蜂”级两栖攻击舰——完整的飞行甲板——强化了日本的预期，希望舰船拥有先进的航空设施,可以搭载短道起飞和垂直着陆、洛克希德·马丁公司产的F - 35 B“闪电”战斗机。

　　Onodera and other officials inspected USS Makin Island in San Diego on July 7. The choice of that Wasp-class ship, with a full-length flight deck, reinforces expectations that Japan wants a design with excellent aviation facilities, potentially supporting the short-takeoff and vertical-landing version of the Lockheed Martin Lightning, the F-35B.

　　平顶攻击舰虽然不是一艘航空母舰,但设计者可以设计出比常规两栖登陆舰更多的航空特性,其中一些无需直接呈现。此外,日本官方显示模糊意向，可能减少战术空军的舰载能力。

　　A flat-topped assault ship is not an aircraft carrier, but designers can work in more aviation features than required for amphibious landings, some of which need not be immediately revealed. Moreover, the obfuscating talents of Japanese officialdom could be harnessed to play down a ship’s capacity for tactical airpower.

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　　然而这至少是一个明显的信号。“滑跃式”仅仅方便盟军的F-35Bs战斗机。主要用于两栖登陆的大型船舶，其速度从来都不会很快;

　　There would be at least one telltale sign, however. While a ski-jump can be explained as a mere convenience for allies’ F-35Bs, large ships built mainly for amphibious landings never have high speed;

　　船舶需要很多空间来存储和住宿，而非安装大量的器械装置。“大隅号”设计22 000吨。这是美国海军两栖舰的标准,而日本海军自卫队设计通常可达30000吨。

　　they need to devote volume to storage and accommodation rather than unnecessarily powerful machinery. The Osumis are designed for 22 kt., the U.S. Navy’s standard for amphibious shipping, while the combat units of the Japanese navy are generally capable of 30 kt.

　　日本可能会看到一个有趣的先例——一艘有巨大运输能力的舰艇——意大利27500公吨的“加富尔号”。其拥有装载坡道,部队住宿和机库甲板，足以装载军用车辆,甚至坦克。这艘船载重28 000吨,由于登陆舰船坞的遗漏,这成为攻击舰的一个寻常特征。

　　The Japanese may see an interesting precedent in the 27,500-metric-ton Italian ship Cavour, which was designed mainly as a carrier with considerable transport capacity. It has loading ramps, troop accommodation and a hangar deck strong enough to accept army vehicles, even tanks. The ship is also capable of 28 kt., partly thanks to the omission of a dock for landing craft, a usual feature of assault ships.

　　日本时事通讯社揭示的建设时间表看起来是可行的。石川岛播磨重工(日本政府第二大国防设备提供商)建造了两艘“日向号”直升机航空母舰(分别在2007年和2009年服役),表明该行业可以应对在两年时间里制造两艘大型战舰。

　　The construction timetable implied by Jiji’s report looks feasible. IHI Marine United built the two Hyuga-class helicopter carriers in time for commissioning in 2007 and 2009, showing that the industry could handle a two-year interval between large warships.

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