【原创翻译】俄武器秀场之：可怕的怪异武器

发表于 2014-9-10 16:25

　　http://rbth.com/defence/2014/08/ ... isbelief_39329.html

　　来自《透视俄罗斯》的文章

　　俄武器秀场之：可怕的怪异武器

　　5 pieces of Russian technology to make you rub your eyes in disbelief

　　军事装备的外形除应使敌人恐惧和颤抖外还可能引起某些强烈的情绪，比如对设计方案的钦佩、为祖国感到骄傲，有时还有好奇和惊讶，后者往往是由怪异的武器外形引起的。下面是几种外形最奇特的俄制武器。

　　The mere sight of military technology is often enough to instill fear, but some pieces of hardware have such an unconventional appearance that they cannot help but inspire curiosity and amazement. RBTH presents a selection of Russian craft and arms with an unusual look.

　　1.气垫上的旋风：“欧洲野牛”级登陆艇

　　“欧洲野牛(Zubr)”在海上开动时，你几乎看不到它，给人的感觉就像一个巨大的浪花向岸边扑来。但当这种世界上体型最大、速度最快的登陆艇带着可怕的轰鸣声，沉重地爬上海岸时，就可以看到它那四个巨大的推进风扇装在船尾的环形整流罩中，还有船体下柔软的“皮裙”，气垫正是借助于它形成的，船体借助气垫则可以在水面上“滑行”。

　　A whirling hovercraft: the Zubr amphibious assault boat

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　　The Zubr is practically invisible when it is in motion, and it seems that only a rising wave is rushing to the shore. But all at once, with a terrible din, the largest and fastest amphibious assault craft in the world heavily climbs ashore. It is only then that you can see its enormous four propellers in circular fairings at the stern and its ‘skirt’ creating the hovering cushion thanks to which the boat ‘soars’ above the water.

　　“欧洲野牛”级登陆艇可以运送重型装备和登陆队员并将其送上自然条件下的海岸。它还是一款多栖舰船，除水面外还能在陆地和冰上移动并逾越一米半高的障碍物。除俄罗斯外，希腊军队也装备有“欧洲野牛”级登陆艇。

　　The Zubr can transport heavy technology and troops and land them onto a shore without any special installations. A real all-terrain vehicle, it can also move not only on water but also on land and on ice, overcoming impediments of up to a meter and a half high.

　　Besides Russia, the Zubr is also used by the Greek armed forces.

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　　2.海上“机械战警”：“帕尔马”高炮火箭发射装置

　　“帕尔马(Palma)”高炮火箭发射装置给人的第一印象是它很像一个人，有头、眼、嘴，还有双手。它的“头”是机枪的光电制导系统，安装在装置顶部的“球体”内，“嘴”和“眼”是激光测距仪的视频与红外通道。近距离观察会发现，其“双手”原来是速射炮和防空导弹装置。该“机械战警”用于保卫海上船只安全。当舰船上无法安装大型防空导弹系统时，它可以击毁飞向船舶的反舰导弹。

　　A Sea Robocop: the Palma antiaircraft artillery missile system

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　　The first thing that comes to mind when you see the Palma is its incredible likeness to a human being: There is its head with eyes and a mouth, there are its arms. Its head is an optical electronic system of guided automata inside a sphere on the top; its mouth and eyes are video and infrared channels and a laser rangefinder. The arms can turn into rapid-firing cannons and guided antiaircraft missile systems.

　　The ‘little man’ stands guarding vessels and fires at incoming anti-ship missiles targeting the vessel if the latter does not have an antiaircraft missile system.

　　“帕尔马”目前安装在为越南海军建造的“猎豹”级护卫舰和俄罗斯的“戈尔什科夫海军上将号”护卫舰上，后者将于今年服役。

　　The Palmas can be found on the Gepard class frigates built for the Vietnamese navy, as well as on the Russian frigate Admiral Gorshkov, which will be launched this year.

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　　3.五代战机的雏形：“苏-47”金雕战斗机

　　在未注意其机翼之前，“金雕(Berkut)”战斗机的外形与传统战斗机无异。但其机翼给人的感觉像是被设计师弄反了。然而这种“错误的”机翼，即所谓的前掠翼，正是金雕战斗机的最大优点。例如，在从航母短短的跑道上起飞时，这一机型的飞机能迅速加速并进入平飞，而不用担心落水。它还能做低速机动，甚至可以进行动态制动(“普加乔夫眼镜蛇”机动)，此时能机尾向前倒飞，并且不会产生尾旋下坠。

　　The Predecessor to the fifth-generation airplane: the SU-47 Berkut

　　The Berkut has the appearance of an ordinary airplane - until you look at its wings, which appear to be attached at the wrong angle. However, it is the ‘anomalous’ backward sagittal wing that is the Berkut's principal advantage.

　　When taking off from an aircraft carrier's short runaway, the wings allow the plane to gain speed quickly and change to a horizontal flight without falling into the water. The craft is capable of maneuvering at low speeds and can even carry out a dynamic deceleration called the Pugachev Cobra, in which it flies tail-first while avoiding a tailspin.

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　　“苏-47”可被称为俄罗斯第五代战机PAK FA的鼻祖，因为它是拥有战斗机的尺寸，同时配备了内部货舱的唯一俄国产机型，在FAK FA项目的测试过程中用于携带先进导弹的重量模拟器。“金雕”战斗机是技术验证机，只生产了数架，未进入量产。

　　The SU-47 can be called the progenitor of the fifth generation PAK FA plane. Since it was the only Russian plane with the dimensions of a destroyer but with an inner cargo compartment, in the course of the PAK FA program test flights it contained imitations of long-distance guided missiles.

　　Only one experimental prototype of the Berkut was ever built, and the craft did not make it into the force.

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　　4.地效飞行器：“会飞的船”

　　地效飞行器是一种独特的船与飞机的结合体，很难说它更像一艘船还是一架飞机。它可以在水面上起飞和降落，能在距水面数米的高度以500公里/时的速度飞行。因此，地效飞行器不怕敌人的水雷和鱼雷，也不会被敌方雷达发现。

　　The surface effect vehicle: the flying ship

　　The surface effect vehicle is a unique hybrid of a ship and a plane, and it is not really clear if it inherited more from the plane or the ship. As this craft takes off and land on water, and can fly at a speed of 311 mph only a few meters from the water's surface, the surface effect vehicle is never threatened by sea mines or enemy torpedoes. It also goes unnoticed by enemy radars.

　　苏联共建造过两种地效飞行器，分别称为“小鹰(Orlenok)”和“鹞式(Lun)”。后者可携带“白蛉(Moskit)”反舰导弹，是一种十分危险的武器。该飞行器甚至获得了“航母杀手”的外号。“鹞式”地效飞行器只生产了一艘，随着设计师罗斯季斯拉夫·阿列克谢耶夫的去世，其研制工作也中断了。

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　　The USSR made two types of surface effect vehicles: the Orlyonok and the Lun. The latter was capable of carrying Moskit anti-ship missiles and was indeed a very menacing weapon, even even picking up the nickname of ‘the aircraft carrier killer’.

　　Only one prototype of the Lun was made and after the death of its constructor Rostislav Alexeyev its development was shelved.

　　“小鹰”地效飞行器的尺寸更小，其设计目的是运送突击队员，机腹内可以装进200名海军陆战队队员和两辆坦克。苏联曾计划生产120艘“小鹰”，但其命运也很不幸：项目由于缺乏资金而被冻结。随着苏联的解体，军事地效飞行器的研制工作被彻底中止，其生产也停止了。

　　The Orlyonok was smaller in size and was created to help the landing troops disembark. It could transport 200 troops and two tanks.

　　The USSR intended to produce 120 Orlyonoks, but due to the absence of funding the project was unfortunately frozen. With the collapse of the USSR the development and production of military surface effect vehicles was permanently cancelled.

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　　5.接近于垂直起降的飞机：“米-12”直升飞机

　　与美国的V-22“鱼鹰”垂直起降飞机不同，世界上最大的直升机“米-12”没有倾转旋翼，但其旋翼也采用了横向布局。由于结构复杂，这一布局很少在直升机中采用。但用普通布局设计重型直升机是不可能的，因为这种庞然大物的设计目的是为军队运送30吨以上的不可拆卸物体，如弹道导弹。

　　Almost a convertiplane: the MI-12 helicopter

　　Unlike the American V-22 Osprey, the MI-12, the world's largest helicopter, does not have rotating propellers, yet it was also constructed according to a transverse scheme, which, in view of its complexity, is rarely used in helicopters.

　　However, it was impossible to construct a helicopter with major lifting capacity according to an ordinary scheme, since this giant was designed as a military machine capable of transporting cargo of up to 30 tons, such as ballistic missiles.

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发表于 2014-9-10 16:30

发表于 2014-9-10 22:16

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【原创翻译】俄武器秀场之：可怕的怪异武器

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