【原创翻译】美海军“咆哮者”电子战斗机：咆哮而来

发表于 2014-8-12 13:51

本帖最后由 ylj 于 2014-8-12 14:07 编辑

　　http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htecm/articles/20140811.aspx
来自战略之页的文章。

　　美海军“咆哮者”电子战斗机：咆哮而来

　　Electronic Weapons: Making The Case For More Growlers

　　2014年8月11日:2014年5月到6月期间美国海军使用加州海岸的尼米兹级航母进行了测试,调整在每个航母上EA-18G“咆哮者”电子战斗机的数量(从5架飞机增加到8架)。测试很成功，海军正试图利用此次机会以说服国会再购买33架 EA-18G“咆哮者”电子战斗机，在所有大型航母中扩大战斗机编队数量。

　　August 11, 2014: Between May and June 2014 the U.S. Navy conducted tests using a Nimitz class carrier off the coast of California to determine if there was any benefit in expanding the EA-18G "Growler" electronic warfare aircraft squadron on each Nimitz class ship from five aircraft to eight. The tests were a success and the navy is trying to use that success to get Congress to provide cash to buy another 33 EA-18Gs to expand the squadrons on all the large carriers.

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　　国会批准了海军再订购一些EA-18G“咆哮者”的提议，但随着国防预算被逐步削减,许多寻求国会预算的项目不得不被砍掉。EA-18G“咆哮者”厂商本来要维持生产到2017年，但现在看起来能继续生产到2016年，他们已经很幸运了。

　　The navy has enough support in Congress to get some additional EA-18Gs but defense budgets are being cut and there are too many worthy (or not) projects seeking cash that is not there anymore. The EA-18G manufacturer would like to keep production going into 2017 but it looks like they’ll be lucky to keep the line going into 2016.

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　　与此同时,海军得到一些资金，用于EA-18G“咆哮者”的升级。2013年海军升级了新的通讯技术,允许EA-18G与其他 EA-18G或别的类型的飞机(如E-2和E - 3 AWACS预警机)直接共享数据。

　　Meanwhile the navy is getting some money for EA-18G upgrades. In 2013 that included new communications technology that allows the EA-18G to share data instantly with other EA-18Gs and other types of aircraft (combat and support, like E-2 and E-3 AWACS).

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　　新升级的功能是JTIDS数据系统(联合战术信息数据系统)。美国空军早在三十多年前就开始研发这个系统，最近十多年这项技术才渐渐成熟。

　　The new capability is JTIDS (Joint Tactical Information Data System). Development (by the U.S. Air Force) of this system began 30 years ago and mature examples of the technology only began showing up in the last decade.

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　　JTIDS是一种数据链接,给飞行员实时、完整的报告,显示其他飞行员(像E - 3空中预警机)所观察到的情况。看到JTIDS报告的飞行员称其情景感知(能感知到同伴在什么位置)大幅增加。在作战训练中，参与数据共享的飞行员和不参与的飞行员其战绩比是4:1。

　　JTIDS is a datalink that gives the pilot complete and real-time situation reports, showing what other pilots (and planes like the E-3) are seeing. Pilots who tested JTIDS reported drastic increases in their situational awareness (a “sense of where you are”). For example, during combat training exercises pilots with JTIDS had a 4-to-1 kill ratio in their favor against pilots without JTIDS.

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　　注意到这些优势以后，海军开始采用JTIDS数据系统,这样不仅提高了他们自己飞机的作战能力,也提高了联合行动的空军战机参与数据共享的能力。

　　Noting results like this the navy began adopting JTIDS, not only to improve the capabilities of its own aircraft but also to improve data sharing with air force warplanes, which often carry out joint operations with the navy.

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　　JTIDS数据共享只是美海军进行网络战斗的几种新技术之一。而EA-18G“咆哮者”是海军用于测试JTIDS数据系统的首个战斗机。因为当初EA-18G的设计就是为了空军和海军战机一起合作，现在EA-18G给双方都提供了电子战支持。

　　JTIDs is just one of several new technologies navy aircraft will need to get their “combat Internet” working. The EA-18G was the first navy aircraft to test JTIDS because the EA-18G is designed to work with air force and navy aircraft as the EA-18G now provides electronic warfare support for both services.

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　　EA-18G“咆哮者”2011年在利比亚首次参加战斗,在战斗中第一次使用了大量的高科技装备。包括ALQ - 99雷达干扰吊舱和APG - 79雷达相控阵(AESA),也包括一些干扰系统(通过合适的软件)，如对弗莱电子的干扰。迹象表明，EA-18G可能对一些利比亚装甲车辆进行了干扰。

　　EA-18G saw combat for the first time over Libya in 2011 and got to use a lot of its high tech gear in combat for this first time. This included the ALQ-99 radar jamming pod and an APG-79 phased array (AESA) radar, which also has some jamming capability (via the right software) as well as the ability to fry electronics. It was suggested that the EA-18G might have done this to some Libyan armored vehicles.

　　直到2007年,美国海军首次测试了EA-18G，2008年EA-18G第一中队服役。2014年初，第一百架EA-18G交付使用。

　　It was only in 2007 that the navy received its first operational (as opposed to developmental) EA-18G and in 2008 the first EA-18G squadron entered service. In early 2014 the hundredth EA-18G was delivered .

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　　与此同时,如果EA-18G数量不够或在未来战争中不能提供所需的电子保护,美国空军和海军陆战队计划开发一种新的F - 35电子战斗机,或者使用无人机来弥补。

　　Meanwhile the U.S. Air Force and Marine Corps are planning on developing an electronic warfare version of the new F-35, or use a UAV, if the EA-18Gs are not plentiful or powerful enough to provide all the electronic protection needed in future wars.

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