【原创翻译】日本自诩四面楚歌 对本国安全环境甚为忧虑

　　http://www.reuters.com/article/2 ... USKBN0G502P20140805

　　来自路透社的文章,

　　日本自诩四面楚歌 对本国安全环境甚为忧虑

　　KIYOSHI TAKENAKA

　　东京2014年8月4日星期一

　　美国东部时间11:12pm

　　(路透社)——日本防卫省本周二表示：日本发现自己周边安全环境已经恶化：朝鲜正在进行的导弹研发项目、中国和俄罗斯在该地区日益增加的军事活动。

　　根据日本防卫省的年度白皮书，朝鲜无视联合国禁令进行的弹道导弹测试已经断断续续持续了好长时间，日本战机4 - 6月升空的次数也创纪录地增加了-应对中国和俄罗斯飞机接近日本领空。

　　“伴随着军备竞赛和军备现代化趋势, 邻国积极的军事活动越来越突出, 安全挑战和不稳定因素对日本及其他亚太地区的威胁也越来越严重,” 防卫省如是称。

　　自2012年12月再次上任以来，日本首相安倍晋三一直意图缓解战后和平宪法对本国的军事限制, 给予了日本发挥更大全球安全作用的机会。

　　今年，安倍政府迈出了历史性的步伐：远离日本战后和平主义, 放宽武器出口限制并结束了本国自卫队不得参与抵御国外军事力量打击的禁令。

　　亚洲其他地区对这些举措非常谨慎, 特别是中国。受东海岛屿领土争端和日本战时侵略行为的影响，中国和日本之间的关系一直都很紧张。

　　在钓鱼岛附近海域，两国的巡逻船经常发生对峙, 并多次引发了冲突与恐惧。

　　然而最近,安倍再次呼吁与中国国家主席习近平举行双边峰会。

　　据日经新闻消息，两国政府正在试图安排一次环太平洋地区国家峰会-于11月在北京举行。

　　防卫省的报告还描述了中国在海上争端问题上采取的“高压”行动, 并呼吁中国遵守国际规范。

　　去年11月, 中国划设了一个覆盖东海的防空识别区-涉及到了争议群岛, 并警告称：将对未验明正身的飞机采取“防御性紧急措施”。

　　日本防卫省继续表示“这些都是非常危险的措施, 极有可能单方面改变中国东海现状, 或导致局势升级，引发一些意想不到的情况”。“我们对此深感忧虑。”

　　日本和美国将于今年年底修改合作指导方针，以此来适应变化了的安全环境，并更好地应对来自太空和网络空间等领域的威胁。

　　“全球性问题”

　　美国防卫省将朝鲜的核计划和导弹计划称为“严重的不稳定因素”,并警告说, 这些项目的进展可能会鼓励朝鲜发起更多挑衅。

　　“如果朝鲜弹道导弹的研究范围进一步扩展,其核武器会变小, 从而转化为弹头, 如此-该国可能会认为自己具备了对美国的安全战略威慑, ”防卫省如是说。

　　朝鲜“大浦洞2号”弹道导弹的先进版本有可能装备不到一吨的弹头, 到时-朝鲜便可拥有一款射程超过10000公里(6200英里)、可覆盖美国部分大陆的武器。

　　除此之外，日本也对发生在乌克兰、俄罗斯的动荡局势保持警惕-莫斯科于今年3月吞并了黑海的克里米亚半岛。

　　“俄罗斯是想用武力背景改变现状, 这是一个全球性问题, 它会影响到整个国际社会,”日本防卫省如是说。

　　任何试图改变现状的武力都让日本感到不安。

　　日本防卫省还提及了-由韩国控制但日本声称主权的另一组小岛屿, 日本认为，这些岛屿是日本的固有领土。这些小岛在日本称竹岛，在韩国称独岛。

　　不过，日本的立场引发了韩国快速、愤怒的反应, 称日本的这种要求极其“荒谬”。韩国国防部为此还召见了日本大使馆武官表示抗议。

　　韩国外交部在一份声明中说，“日本政府应当记住, 只要日本对独岛的不公正领土要求继续, 改善两国关系之路只能遥遥无期”。

　　原文：

　　Japan's security fears grow as neighbours build up arms

　　BY KIYOSHI TAKENAKA

　　TOKYO Mon Aug 4, 2014 11:12pm EDT

　　(Reuters) - Japan finds itself surrounded by a worsening security environment as North Korea pushes forward with missile development and China and Russia step up military activity in the region, Japan's Defence Ministry said on Tuesday.

　　The ministry's annual white paper comes after intermittent testing by North Korea of ballistic missiles in defiance of a U.N. ban, and a record number of scrambles by Japanese fighter jets in April-June due to increased flights by Chinese and Russian planes close to Japan's air space.

　　"With a trend toward arms buildup and modernisation, and brisker military activity by neighbouring countries getting prominent, security challenges and destabilising factors for Japan and the rest of the Asia-Pacific are becoming more serious," the ministry said in the paper.

　　Prime Minister Shinzo Abe returned to power in December 2012 intent on easing the limits of the post-war pacifist constitution on the military to let Japan play a bigger global security role.

　　Abe's government this year took some historic steps away from Japan's post-war pacifism by easing weapons export restrictions and ending a ban that has kept the military from fighting abroad.

　　The moves have been viewed warily elsewhere in Asia, in particular in China. Ties between China and Japan were already strained by a territorial dispute over a group of tiny East China Sea isles as well as rows over the legacy of Japan's wartime aggression.

　　Patrol ships from both countries routinely shadow each other near the islands, stoking fear of clashes.

　　Recently, however, Abe has renewed a call for a bilateral summit with Chinese President Xi Jinping.

　　The two governments are trying to arrange a summit on the sidelines of a Pacific Rim conference in Beijing in November, the Nikkei newspaper said on Monday.

　　The ministry's report described China's action in maritime disputes with other countries as "high-handed" and called on China to observe international norms.

　　In November, China launched an air defence identification zone covering a swath of the East China Sea, including the disputed isles, and warned it would take "defensive emergency measures" against aircraft that failed to identify themselves.

　　"These are very dangerous measures that could lead to the unilateral change of the status quo in the East China Sea, escalation of the situation, and some unexpected development," the ministry said. "We are deeply concerned."

　　Japan and the United States are set to revise cooperation guidelines by the end of the year to reflect the changing security environment and better respond to threats in such areas as space and cyber space.

　　'GLOBAL ISSUE'

　　The Defence Ministry called North Korea's missile and nuclear programmes a "grave destabilising factor" and warned that progress in the projects could embolden the North to resort to more provocation.

　　"If North Korea extends the range of ballistic missiles further, reduces the size of nuclear arms and turns them into warheads, the country could come to believe it has secured strategic deterrence against the United States," it said.

　　There is a possibility that the advanced version of North Korea's Taepodong-2 ballistic missiles, when fitted with a warhead weighing less than one tonne, could have a range of more than 10,000 km (6,200 miles), covering part of the continental United States, the ministry said.

　　Japan is also keeping a wary eye on Russia's involvement in turmoil in Ukraine, where Moscow annexed the Black Sea peninsula of Crimea in March.

　　"This change to the status quo by Russia, with force in the background, is a global issue that affects the entire international society," it said.

　　Any attempt to change the status quo by force makes Japan nervous.

　　The ministry also touched upon another set of small islands, controlled by South Korea but claimed by Japan, saying they were Japan's inherent territory. The islets are called the Takeshima in Japanese and Dokdo in Korean.

　　The position drew a quick angry reaction from South Korea, which called the claim "preposterous". Its defence ministry summoned the Japanese embassy military attache to protest.

　　"The Japanese government should bear in mind that as long as it continues its unjust claim over Dokdo, the road to improving ties between the two countries can only be a long one," South Korea's foreign ministry said in a statement.