在美国鼓动下,许多国家都卷入这场战斗，旨在分解伊斯兰战斗力，以及伊斯兰国家的激进运动。去年9月下旬由华盛顿发起,正在伊拉克进行的行动，已扩大到空袭作战，盟国包括澳大利亚、比利时、加拿大、丹麦、法国、荷兰和英国;而据报道,伊朗麦道FA幻影也单独参与进来。
在叙利亚,海湾盟国一直支持美国开展打击伊斯兰恐怖势力,到目前为止，巴林、约旦、沙特阿拉伯和阿联酋空军都已经涉入。
广泛的联盟也包括其他不直接参与战斗的国家，他们是由阿富汗战事时延续而来所形成的联盟,以及其他支持北约主导的2011年保护利比亚平民活动的国家。
盟军的干预使得美国空军有机会以F-22执行首次进攻，随着来自叙利亚内部的活动加剧了威胁，猛禽加入了战斗。已经在伊拉克北部参与执行人道救援物资空投的澳洲皇家空军，从阿联酋阿尔明翰空军基地派了一支波音F/A-18F超级大黄蜂进行打击。
空客A330/KC-30A加油机和基于波音737的E-7A“楔尾”空中预警机,也首次亮相，提供支持。
澳大利亚利用了最近演习的训练经验，演习中有来自新加坡、泰国、阿联酋和美国的战机参与。它还承诺远程部署军队——两到四架波音C-17运输机运送六架次的战机编队，这种能力在不断加强。
英国方面,与伊斯兰国家的战斗，为皇家空军远程控制通用原子航空系统MQ-9收割者,提供了新的操作领域。也促使其重新思考多功能龙卷风GR4打击系统和侦察机队。
除了伊拉克和叙利亚境内的动荡局势,2014年在这一地区上演了另一场血腥冲突,以色列与哈马斯激进分子在加沙交火,包括空袭以及后来的地面部队交战。从7月初开始,以色列为回应火箭攻击,发起保护边境的行动，导致数以百计的交火空袭。
随着边境的紧张局势加剧，以色列击落叙利亚一架无人机，及一架苏霍伊苏- 24战斗机,称战机已进入其领空。
以色列在加沙的交火使其面临国家预算成本高涨的压力,并引起国内反对战机的购买计划。以色列原计划购买19到44架洛马公司F-35A，现在已经减少了11 架。其空军希望引进六架波音V-22鱼鹰倾转旋翼机迄今为止也完全中断了。
在欧洲,莫斯科支持的亲俄武装分子在乌克兰叛乱,进而吞并克里米亚地区。由于担忧新的冷战开始,欧洲先是谴责，进而制裁。这场冲突已经使乌克兰军队付出惨重代价。许多战机被击落销毁在地上。我们的统计显示在短短12个月内其军事库存已经严重削减，原服役的400架战机仅剩下222架。
乌克兰的动荡也波及全球，去年7月,一架马来西亚航空公司MH17在该国东部被击落。随后调查显示,疑似亲俄分裂分子使用的地对空导弹，导致波音777-200ER在33000英尺高空瓦解,导致298人丧生。
俄罗斯也频繁出动远程轰炸机图-95和图-160炫耀武力,试探北约国家的反应。北约空军飞机大量部署在立陶宛空军基地，来维持波罗的海远程优势。其他则部署在爱沙尼亚空中基地，在波兰和罗马尼亚也有不少。
统计160个国家的军事设备库存,显示今年世界空军包括近52000架飞机在役。相比2014减少了459架飞机——约降低0.9%。变化主要归因于俄制战机的改进,及乌克兰的损失。
装备更新也导致了一些经典战机退休,包括法国空军的达索幻影F1。该案致使仅剩32架战斗机和四架训练机，分别在加蓬,伊朗,利比亚,摩洛哥服役。阿曼在2014年退役了美洲豹战机,只剩印度作为唯一的用户。希腊空军和英国皇家空军分别退役沃特A-7海盗式战机和洛克希德三星加油机/运输机。
统计包含了正服役机队的详细信息，还有5200多架订单中的飞机，及另外约7500架等待协议或意向书的战机。
据显示,美国服役装备占全球的27%,约13900架飞机现役。在统计的6类装备中，美国都居于首位。在全球战斗机中美国占据19%的份额，攻击直升机上升到30%，加油机占到78%。
美国在数量上占据绝对优势——其飞机数量是排在第二位的俄罗斯的四倍,并超过排名第二至第八国家数量的总和，然而飞机老化问题已经导致一些空军的洛克希德F-16D训练机暂时停飞等待修理。
美国进一步的预算削减威胁到了空军计划，美空军准备退休费尔柴尔德A-10对地攻击机,而美国陆军也计划停止单发动机直升机项目，转而开始使用波音AH-64D/E阿帕奇担任武装侦察的角色。
尽管年初，引擎起火导致一架验证机严重损坏, 飞行包线遭到限制，F-35项目随后还是提振,获得47亿美元订单,尽管低于初始生产配额八分之一，但仍生产43架飞机。相关发动机方案还有待敲定。美国获得三个伙伴国家的成功订单——意大利、挪威和英国,再加上以色列和日本也是出口客户。
美国海军陆战队没有派遣F-35B跨大西洋参加7月在英国的航展,却让其在黄蜂号两栖攻击舰上舰，进行了第二次测试,按计划推进在2015年末达到初始作战能力。
与此同时,美国海军做出具有历史意义的航母部署，在尼米兹号航母上部署F-35C。
总的来说,北美地区过去一年空军规模下降了2%。
在拉丁美洲,却是增长了5%,或近180架飞机。在增长推动下,巴西航空工业公司收到了巴西空军28架KC-390运输和加油机的订单,第一批原型机将在10月下旬推出。巴西还确认先购买36架萨博公司的鹰狮E/F。按计划,其未来总订单可能达到108架瑞典制的飞机。
欧洲空军战机总数下降了5%,或有400架飞机在统计之列。这很大程度上是由于欧洲退役了废旧的战斗机型号及修正飞机参数。萨博在巴西大获成功，却在瑞士失意,那里5月举行的公投显示52%的受访者反对22架鹰狮的采购。
通过命名其第一批未来的皇家海军航空母舰HMS伊丽莎白女王号, 英国显示了其未来海上的复兴计划，他还决定购买首批14架从甲板与基地起飞的F-35B。
俄罗斯和独联体刚好相反, 增加了6%,将近4300飞机。年度增长主要是由于更新了旋翼飞机。
非洲空军战机规模减少了1%,但南非派拉蒙集团通过展示其低成本AHRLAC设计，为未来销售前景带来了希望。
在中东,“阵风”和台风战斗机之间展开了激烈的竞争，但双方都没有胜出。因为阿联酋选择外购一批美国的F-16E，以增强Block61配置。其他战斗机交易，巴林和卡塔尔迄今未做出选择,但总体趋势是上涨了1%，成为持续增长的地区。
亚太地区显示年度攀升了1%,总计超过13600架战斗机,包括特殊任务机、加油机、运输机、攻击直升机以及训练机;数量上仅仅落后美国250架。一个亮点是2014年11月的中国珠海航展首次亮相沈阳制J-31：该隐形战斗机看上去与F-35很相似。
还有一些数据没有统计进来，包括650余架固定翼飞机和直升机，用于VIP运输任务,加上其他由空军飞的民用运输机。
其他飞机,包括一些从事机载校准、研发、参与项目改进或已存储的飞机也排除在外。
原文：
After a more than decade-long involvement in Afghanistan， the air wings of multiple nations had expected some respite from years of combat activity by late 2014， as the NATO-Led mission completes its transition of control to the authorities in Kabul.
World events do not tend to follow such established military plans， however， and the end of the conflict with the Taliban has instead overlapped with a resurgence of violence and renewed coalition involvement in the Middle East.
Led by the USA， a large number of nations are now involved in a campaign intended to degrade the fighting capacity and also target the leadership of the Islamic State militant movement. Launched by Washington in late September， the ongoing action in Iraq has been expanded to include air strikes by combat aircraft from Australia， Belgium，Canada， Denmark， France， the Netherlands and the UK， while Iranian McDonnell Douglas FA Phantoms are reported to have been separately involved.
In Syria， the USA has been supported by its Gulf allies in conducting strikes on Islamic State targets， with aircraft from Bahrain，Jordan， Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates having been involved to date.
This widespread coalition—which also involves other nations not participating indirect combat —is a continuation of the alliance formed by many involved in the Afghanistan mission， plus others that had supported the NATO-directed campaign to protect Libyan civilians in 2011.
In hardware terms， the allied intervention has provided an opportunity for the US Air Force to perform its first offensive acts using the Lockheed Martin F-22， with Raptors involved as the activity intensified against threats inside Syria. Having already been involved in performing air drops of humanitarian supplies in northern Iraq， the Royal Australian Air Force sent a detachment of Boeing F/A-18F Super Hornets to conduct strikes from Al Minhad air base in the UAE.
Support is provided by lone examples of the service's Airbus A330/KC-30A tanker and Boeing 737-based E-7A Wedgetail airborne early warning and control aircraft， with both making their operational debuts.
Australia's involvement capitalises on its recent training experience during a Pitch Black-series exercise， in which it hosted multiple aircraft from Singapore， Thailand， the UAE and the USA.
It also illustrates a commitment to deploy its forces over a strategic range - a capability that looks set to be strengthened through its planned addition of between two and four more Boeing C-17 transports to its existing six-aircraft fleet.
For the UK， the battle with the Islamic State movement has provided a new operating arena for some of the Royal Air Force's remotely-piloted General Atomics Aeronautical Systems MQ-9 Reapers， and also prompted a rethink on the planned run-down of its versatile Panavia Tomado GR4 strike and reconnaissance fleet.
Beyond the situation inside Iraq and Syria，2014 saw another bloody conflict erupt in the same region， with Israel engaging Hamas militants inside Gaza from the air， and also later with ground forces. Starting in early July， the Protective Edge operation was mounted in response to rockets being fired into Israel and resulted in hundreds of missions being flown.
Heightened border tensions also saw Israel shoot down a Syrian unmanned air vehicle and one of its Sukhoi Su-24 strike aircraft，which it says had entered its airspace.
The high financial cost of Israel's latest engagement in Gaza has put pressure on its national budget. and drawn internal opposition to major planned aircraft acquisitions. A proposed follow-on deal that was to increase its future fleet of Lockheed Martin F-35As from 19 to 44 aircraft has been reduced by 11 aircraft. while its air force's aspiration to introduce six Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey tiltrotors has been blocked entirely so far.
In Europe， fears of a new Cold War situation took hold， after first rhetoric and then sanctions followed Moscow's support for pro-Russian militants in Ukraine and then over its annexation of the nation's Crimea region. The conflict has taken a heavy toll on Ukrainian forces. with multiple aircraft having been shot down or destroyed on the ground. Our records show that its military inventory has been slashed from 400 active aircraft to just 222 within the 12 month directory period.
The unrest in Ukraine also gained global Exposure in July， when Malaysia Airlines flight MH17 was brought down over the east of the country. Investigations continue， but the use of a surface-to-air missile operated by pro-Russian separatists is suspected to have caused the Boeing 777-200ER to disintegrate while flying at 33.000ft， killing 298 people.
Russia's muscle-flexing also has involved an increased frequency of long-range flights with assets including Tupolev Tu-95 and Tu-160 bombers， which continue to test the response of NATO allies. Increased numbers of coalition aircraft have been positioned at Siauliai air base in Lithuania to sustain the long-running Baltic with others located Air Policing mission，at Amari air base in Estonia. An increased presence has also been made in Poland and Romania.
Listing the military equipment inventories of 160 nations， this year's World Air Forces directory includes information on almost 52.000 aircraft recorded as being in active service. This represents a reduction of 459 aircraft —— or roughly 0.9% —— from the total reported in our 2014 directory. The bulk of the change can be attributed to improved data on Russian-produced aircraft， and the attrition encountered in Ukraine.
Ongoing fleet renewals also led to some notable retirements，including that of the French air force's final Dassault Mirage F1s. The act leaves just 32 combat examples and four trainers as operational in Gabon， Iran， Libya and Morocco. Oman also during 2014 ceased operations with the Sepecat Jaguar， leaving India as the lone user. The Greek air force and UK Royal Air Force respectively bid farewell to the last Vought A-7 Corsair fighters and Lockheed TriStar tanker/transports in military service.
As well as detailing in-service fleets，our directory also includes information on a further 5200-plus aircraft on firm order and another roughly 7500 that are the subject of pending deals or letters of intent.
The directory shows that the US armed services account for 27% of the global active fleet，with some 13900 aircraft in use. They also top each of our six listed equipment categories， with an overall 19% stake in the global combat aircraft category rising to 30% for combat helicopters and 78% of the operational tanker fleet.
But despite its numerical dominance——the USA has four times as many aircraft as second-ranked Russia， and more than the second—to eighth-ranked nations combined——ageing aircraft issues have led to some of its air force's Lockheed F-16D trainers being temporarily grounded pending structural repaired.
The threat of further budget cuts via sequestration will also force difficult fleet decisions.The USAF still plans to retire its Fairchild Republic A-10 ground-attack aircraft， while the US Army is advancing plans to halt operations with its single-engined helicopter fleet and instead start using its Boeing AH-64D/E Apaches in the armed scout role.
Despite lingering flight envelope restrictions imposed following an engine fire which badly damaged an A-model aircraft on the ground earlier in the year， the F-35 programme received a subsequent boost， with the confirmation of a $4. 7 billion， eighth low-rate initial production deal to produce 43 of the aircraft; with a related engine package yet to be finalised. The USA succeeded in getting orders from three of its partner nations - Italy，Norway and the UK - as part of the contract，plus from export customers Israel and Japan.
The US Marine Corps was unable to make a planned debut transatlantic deployment with the F-35B to attend a pair of air shows in the UK in July， but did successfully embark the type on the amphibious assault ship the USS Wasp for a second series of trials， as it advances towards planned initial operational capability in late 2015.
The US Navy， meanwhile， made a historic first carrier deployment to the USS Nimitz with a pair of F-35Cs.
Overall， the North American region saw a 2 % decline in active fleet size over the year.
In Latin America，this was magnified to a reverse of 5%， or almost 180 aircraft. In a boost， Embraer received a launch production order from the Brazilian air force for 28 KC-390 transport and tanker aircraft， the first prototype example of which was rolled out in late October. The same nation also has confirmed plans to buy an initial 36 Saab Gripen E/Fs. Under the service's plans,its total future order could be for 108 of the Swedish-designed aircraft.
The total active fleet in Europe has declined by 5 %，or 400 aircraft in our listing， largely due to the removal of obsolete fighter types and revised data. Saab's Brazilian success followed disappointment in Switzerland，where a tight public referendum during May saw 52% of respondents vote against the procurement of 22 Gripen Es.
The UK provided a glimpse of its future maritime revival， by naming the first of two future Royal Navy aircraft carriers the HMS Queen Elizabeth， and committing itself to buying the first 14 F-35Bs which will operate from its deck and land bases.
African militaries have encountered an Overall1% reduction in fleet size， but South Africa's Paramount Group has raised hopes of future sales by showcasing its low-cost AHRLAC design.
Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States moved the other way，with a 6% increase， to almost 4，300 aircraft. The annual increase is largely the result of updated rotorcraft data within Flightglobal's Ascend Fleets and MiLiCAS databases.
In the Middle East， an intense contest between the Dassault Rafale and Euro fighter Typhoon led to a victory for neither， as the UAE instead opted to request an additional batch of F-16Es from Washington， in an enhanced Block 61 configuration. Other anticipated fighter deals in Bahrain and Qatar have so far yet to advance to a selection stage. but the overall trend - up 1% this time - is of continued growth in the region.
The Asia Pacific region saw an annual 1% climb， to more than a combined 13600 combat，special mission， tanker， transport aircraft.combat helicopters and trainers; barely 250 behind the USA. One of the highlights of 2014 was the debut appearance at November's Airshow China event in Zhuhai of the Shenyang J-31: a claimed stealth fighter which bears a strong visual resemblance to the F-35 .
Additional data from Ascend not listed in this directory includes information on more than 650 fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters which are recorded as being used for VIP transport tasks， plus others which are flown by air force affiliates as civilian transports.
Other aircraft， including some employed as airborne calibration， research and development and target towing assets are also excluded， as are those airframes involved in modernisation programmes or placed in storage.
| 欢迎光临 鼎盛网 (http://www.top81cn.cn/) | Powered by Discuz! X3.1 |